What Is a Soft Tissue Biopsy?

A soft tissue biopsy is the removal and laboratory analysis of a small piece of tissue from the skin, fat, muscle, or tendons. This procedure allows specialists to identify the underlying cause of visible or palpable abnormalities. Because many conditions can look similar on the surface, a biopsy provides the clarity needed for an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment plan

Conditions Commonly Identified

Soft tissue biopsies can help diagnose or rule out a variety of issues, including:

  • Pigmented spots such as freckles, moles, or nevi

  • Fungal or bacterial infections affecting the skin or nails

  • Rashes and inflammatory conditions like eczema or dermatitis

  • Lesions linked to systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes-related changes)

  • Nodular growths such as ganglion cysts, lipomas, or fibromas

  • Toenail disorders including onychomycosis (fungal nail infection) and psoriasis

  • Wart-like growths or benign keratoses

  • Premalignant conditions such as actinic or seborrheic keratoses

How the Procedure Is Performed

Depending on the location and type of tissue, your doctor may use one of several techniques:

  • Shave biopsy – a thin layer of tissue is shaved off the surface

  • Punch biopsy – a small circular tool removes a core of tissue (may require stitches)

  • Incisional or excisional biopsy – part or all of the lesion is removed, often with stitches

The sample is then sent to a pathology lab, where a specialist examines it under a microscope to determine the diagnosis.

What to Expect After the Biopsy

  • The procedure usually takes only a few minutes and requires minimal recovery time.

  • If stitches are used, a follow-up appointment will be scheduled for removal.

  • Results are typically available within 7–10 days, at which point your doctor will discuss findings and next steps.

  • Patients should follow care instructions carefully to ensure proper healing and avoid infection.