Osteochondral Injuries of the Ankle

Osteochondral injuries of the ankle occur when both the cartilage and the underlying bone of the ankle joint are damaged. These injuries most often affect the talus bone and may develop after a severe ankle sprain, fracture, or repeated trauma. Because the talus has a limited blood supply, healing can be slow, and symptoms may persist without proper care.

Understanding the Condition

Healthy ankle joints rely on smooth cartilage surfaces to allow pain-free movement. When cartilage and bone are injured, patients may experience:

• Ongoing pain, especially during weight-bearing activities

• Swelling that does not fully resolve after an ankle sprain

• A sensation of catching, locking, or instability in the joint

• Reduced range of motion or difficulty walking

If untreated, osteochondral injuries can contribute to long-term joint problems, including arthritis.

Diagnosis

Accurate diagnosis typically involves a combination of:

• Physical examination to assess pain, swelling, and stability

• Imaging studies such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans to evaluate cartilage and bone damage

Treatment Options

Management depends on the size, location, and severity of the injury. Options may include:

• Conservative care: rest, immobilization, physical therapy, and anti-inflammatory strategies for smaller or less severe injuries

• Surgical procedures: minimally invasive arthroscopy, microfracture techniques, cartilage repair, or bone grafting for more advanced cases

• Rehabilitation: structured recovery programs to restore strength, mobility, and function

Outlook

With appropriate treatment, many individuals are able to return to daily activities and sports. Early evaluation and intervention are important to reduce the risk of chronic pain or degenerative changes in the ankle joint.